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Section 121 excludes up to $250K single / $500K MFJ of gain on your primary home. The 2-of-5-year ownership and use tests, partial exclusions, and recapture.

Entity choice, accounting method, quarterly estimates, startup cost deductions, and retirement plans: the first-year decisions that set your tax structure.

Marriage changes filing status, withholding, and brackets. When Married Filing Jointly beats Separately, new W-4s for both spouses, and the marriage penalty.

Filing status, Child Tax Credit assignment via Form 8332, and QDRO retirement splits after divorce. Post-2018 alimony is neither deductible nor taxable.

A new dependent unlocks the Child Tax Credit, Dependent Care Credit, and a higher EITC. Your child needs an SSN by the deadline; a W-4 update helps sooner.

Inherited assets usually get a stepped-up basis and aren't taxed to the recipient. Inherited IRAs follow the 10-year rule for most non-spouse beneficiaries.

The years between retirement and RMDs at 73 are often the best Roth conversion window. How conversions, distributions, and IRMAA Medicare tiers interact.

A mid-year move creates two part-year state returns. Residency is more than a driver's license: 183-day presence, domicile factors, and losing the old state.

Every crypto trade, spend, or earn is a taxable event reported on Form 8949. Staking and mining income, no wash-sale rule, and broker 1099-DA reporting.

Long-term gains are taxed at 0%, 15%, or 20% by income; short-term gains use your ordinary rate. 2025 brackets, the 28% collectibles cap, and the 3.8% NIIT.

Renting out a former home starts 27.5-year depreciation and clocks the Section 121 exclusion. The 3-in-5 window, basis rules, and depreciation recapture.

The taxability of a settlement depends on what it compensates: physical injury is usually tax-free; punitive damages, interest, and lost wages are taxable.

Up to $7,500 for new EVs and up to $4,000 for used ones. Income limits, North American assembly rules, and how transferring the credit to the dealer works.

The 25C credit returns 30% of insulation, window, door, and heat pump upgrades, plus $150 for a home energy audit. Annual caps apply, claimable every year.

Up to $2,000 per qualifying child under 17, with $1,700 refundable through the Additional Child Tax Credit. Phase-outs begin at $200K single / $400K MFJ.

The EITC is a refundable credit for low- and moderate-income workers. 2025 maximums range from $649 with no kids to $8,046 with three or more. Who qualifies.

The Child and Dependent Care Credit covers up to 35% of qualifying care expenses for children under 13 or disabled dependents. How it stacks with an FSA.

The Saver's Credit returns up to $1,000 ($2,000 MFJ) for IRA or 401(k) contributions, stacking with the deduction. Income limits and credit tiers explained.

The AOTC pays up to $2,500 per student and the LLC up to $2,000 per return. You can't claim both for the same student. How to pick the right credit per student.

Up to $16,810 for qualified adoption expenses like fees, court costs, and travel. Special needs adoptions claim the full amount regardless of actual expenses.

Form 8962 reconciles advance ACA Marketplace subsidies against your actual income. If income changed mid-year, repayment or additional credit applies.

Form 4868 extends the filing deadline from April 15 to October 15, not payment. Estimate and pay what you owe by April 15 or penalties and interest accrue.

Quarterly estimates are due April 15, June 15, September 15, and January 15. Safe harbor is 90% of current-year or 100% of prior-year tax. Who has to pay.

S-corps and partnerships file Form 7004 by March 15 for a September 15 extension. C-corps follow April 15 to October 15. Deadlines by entity and the K-1 impact.

Roth conversions, tax-loss harvesting, RMDs, and Section 179 purchases must happen by December 31. IRA, HSA, and SEP contributions can wait until April.

RMDs from traditional IRAs and 401(k)s are due by December 31 starting at age 73. Missing one costs 25% of the missed amount, 10% with timely correction.

Form 1040-X corrects income, deductions, credits, filing status, or dependents on a filed return. Refund claims have a three-year window from original filing.

Adjust withholding after marriage, divorce, a new baby, a new job, or a refund or balance over $1,000. The current W-4 uses dollar amounts, not allowances.

Form 8822 updates your address with the IRS. Undelivered notices don't excuse missed deadlines, so file before a 30-day letter goes to your old address.

A W-9 gives a payer your name, tax classification, and SSN or EIN to issue a 1099. Refusing or providing a wrong number triggers 24% backup withholding.

Businesses issue a 1099-NEC by January 31 for payments of $600 or more to unincorporated contractors. What issuers need from a W-9 and how recipients report it.

Form 2553 elects S-corp tax treatment, due 75 days into the tax year (March 15 for calendar-year businesses). Late election relief covers most misses.